How to Grow a Peanut Plant

Understanding Peanut Plants

Peanuts are legumes that grow underground, unlike most nuts. They thrive in warm climates and require sandy, well-draining soil. A full-sun location and a long, frost-free growing season are crucial for successful cultivation.

Where Do Peanuts Grow?

Peanuts grow best in subtropical and tropical regions, though they can be grown in the UK with care. Ideal growing conditions include at least 120 frost-free days, temperatures above 21°C, and light, sandy soils that are rich in organic matter.

How to Plant Peanut Seeds

Peanut seeds are actually raw, shelled peanuts. They should be planted after the last frost, in warm, moist soil. Sow seeds 5 cm deep and 20 cm apart, spacing rows about 60 cm apart. Ensure the soil is loose to allow for peg penetration, which is how the plant buries its pods.

How to Care for Peanut Plants

Peanuts require consistent watering, especially during flowering and pod formation. However, they don’t tolerate waterlogged soils. Mulching helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Regular weeding is essential as peanuts are sensitive to competition.

How to Harvest Peanuts

Peanuts are ready to harvest when the leaves begin to yellow, around 120 to 150 days after planting. Carefully lift the entire plant using a fork, shake off excess soil, and allow the peanuts to dry on the plant in a warm, ventilated area for several days.

How to Propagate Peanut Plants

Propagation is done using seeds, as peanuts are annuals. Select healthy, disease-free peanuts that haven't been roasted or processed. Split the shell and retain the skin around the seed. Direct sowing is preferred, as transplanting disturbs the plant's sensitive taproot.

Common Pests and Diseases

Peanut plants may suffer from pests such as aphids, spider mites, and cutworms. Fungal diseases like leaf spot, root rot, and rust can also affect them. Crop rotation, well-drained soil, and regular inspection help in prevention and early treatment.

Advice on Buying Peanut Plants

While it's more common to start peanuts from seed, some specialist nurseries offer young plants. Choose healthy, green plants with no signs of wilting, yellowing, or pest damage. Ensure the supplier is reputable and provides cultivation advice.

Where Can I Buy Peanut Plants or Seeds?

Peanut seeds can be sourced from garden centres or online suppliers specialising in vegetable and exotic seeds. Look for varieties suitable for cooler climates if growing in the UK. Ensure seeds are untreated and not roasted for successful germination.

Growing Peanuts in Containers

Peanuts grow well in containers at least 30 cm deep and wide. Use a loose, sandy mix and ensure the container drains freely. Container-grown peanuts should be placed in the sunniest location available. Mound soil around the plant as it develops pegs to encourage pod formation.

Indoor and Greenhouse Cultivation

In the UK, peanuts benefit from greenhouse or polytunnel environments. This provides consistent warmth and protection from heavy rainfall. Ensure ventilation is adequate to prevent fungal issues. Use grow bags or raised beds filled with sandy loam.

Final Thoughts on Growing Peanuts

With patience and the right conditions, growing peanuts at home can be a rewarding experience. Understanding their unique growth habits and providing appropriate care will help ensure a successful harvest. From planting seeds to drying pods, attention to detail at each stage will lead to healthy, flavourful peanuts perfect for snacking or cooking.