How to Plant Peas

Best Time to Plant Peas

Peas thrive in cooler weather and are among the first vegetables that can be sown in early spring. In the UK, the best time to plant peas is from February to May, depending on the variety. Autumn sowing in October or November is also possible with hardy varieties for early spring crops. The key is to avoid frozen or waterlogged soil.

Sowing and Planting Peas

Before sowing, prepare the soil by digging in plenty of compost or well-rotted manure. Peas prefer fertile, well-drained soil and a sunny position. Sow seeds about 5 cm deep and 10 cm apart in rows spaced 45 cm apart. If sowing in colder months, consider using cloches or fleece to protect the young plants. Water thoroughly after sowing.

How to Sow Pea Seeds Indoors

For an earlier start or to avoid poor weather, sow pea seeds indoors in modular trays or biodegradable pots about six weeks before the last frost. Place them on a bright windowsill or in a greenhouse. Once the seedlings are 10–15 cm tall and have developed a few sets of leaves, harden them off gradually before planting out.

Pea Varieties to Grow

There are three main types of peas to grow: shelling peas, mangetout, and sugar snap peas. Shelling peas are harvested for the sweet peas inside. Mangetout are eaten whole when pods are flat and immature. Sugar snap peas have thick, juicy pods and are picked when plump. Popular UK varieties include ‘Kelvedon Wonder’, ‘Hurst Green Shaft’, and ‘Oregon Sugar Pod’.

How to Grow Sugar Snap Peas

Sugar snap peas are sown like regular peas and benefit from rich soil and support structures. These peas can grow tall and should be supported by netting, pea sticks, or trellises. Water regularly, especially during flowering and pod development. Harvest sugar snaps when the pods are plump but still crisp for the best flavour and texture.

How Long Do Peas Take to Grow?

The time from sowing to harvest is typically 12 to 14 weeks, depending on the variety and conditions. Early cultivars may produce pods in as little as 9 to 10 weeks. Providing consistent moisture and sunlight will speed up growth and improve yields. As a rule, peas are ready to pick when the pods are well-filled but still tender.

When Do I Pick Peas?

Peas are at their sweetest and most tender when picked young. Check pods daily once they begin to swell. Use two hands to avoid damaging the vine: hold the stem and gently pull the pod. Shelling peas should be harvested when the peas inside are round and full. Mangetout and sugar snap peas are best when the pods are still crisp and bright green.

Harvesting Peas

Harvest peas regularly to encourage continuous production. Early morning is the best time to pick them, as the sugars are at their peak. Avoid leaving mature pods too long on the plant, as this can reduce future yields. After harvest, compost the vines or dig them back into the soil as green manure.

Growing Peas: Pests and Problem Solving

Common pea pests include aphids, pea moths, and slugs. Birds can also damage young seedlings. Use netting to protect plants and encourage beneficial insects like ladybirds to manage aphid populations. Downy mildew and root rot are common diseases, particularly in wet conditions. Good spacing and air circulation can help prevent fungal problems.

Supporting Pea Plants

Most pea varieties benefit from support as they grow. Use bamboo canes, chicken wire, or purpose-made pea netting to keep the vines upright. Bush varieties may require less support but will still benefit from gentle staking to keep pods clean and accessible.

Where to Buy Peas

Pea seeds are widely available in garden centres, nurseries, and online seed suppliers. Choose certified disease-free seeds for best results. Some suppliers offer starter plants for an easier introduction to growing peas. Select varieties suited to your climate and taste preferences.

Tips for a Successful Crop

Avoid sowing into cold, wet soils. Rotate crops yearly to prevent soil-borne diseases. Mulch around the base of the plants to retain moisture and reduce weed competition.

Growing Peas in Containers

Compact and dwarf pea varieties can be grown successfully in pots or containers. Use a deep container filled with rich, free-draining compost. Provide supports for climbing types, and water consistently. Container-grown peas may require more frequent feeding to sustain growth.

Indoor and Greenhouse Cultivation

Peas can be grown under cover in greenhouses or polytunnels for an earlier or extended harvest. Start seeds in trays or direct sow in raised beds under cover. Ensure ventilation to prevent mildew. This method is ideal for winter sowing or early spring planting.

Final Thoughts on Planting Peas

Peas are rewarding crops for gardeners of all levels. With simple preparation and a bit of ongoing care, they will provide abundant, sweet pods over many weeks. Whether grown in beds, containers, or greenhouses, the joy of fresh-picked peas is worth the effort and attention to detail.